"Full-contact" sparring or fighting is often pursued by martial art
practitioners who are interested in realistic unarmed combat. The phrase may
refer to several aspects which differentiate it from light and medium-contact
sessions. It may simply be a general lack of protective gear. For example, Kyokushin
is a variant of karate that requires advanced practitioners to engage in sparring
while wearing no more than a groin guard for protection. It may refer to a full
variety of permitted attacks and contact zones on the body, excluding a small
and limited number of forbidden techniques such as biting, groin striking or
attacking the eyes, bestowing significant fighting freedom upon the competitors.
The phrase could also refer to the use of full force in order to disable
the opponent, either by knock out or direct submission of defeat. There is
often a lower emphasis on scoring points, assuming a point system exists;
points, judges and time limits were not used in the early UFC events, whose
outcomes were determined only by the inability to continue. Due to these factors,
full-contact matches tend to be more aggressive in character. Vale tudo, meaning
anything goes in Portuguese, is a definite form of full-contact fighting.
Nearly all MMA events, including UFC, PRIDE, Pancrase and Shooto, use full-contact
rules, although recently the use of small protective gloves and other safety
rules have been added. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Judo do not allow striking
but are full-contact in the sense that full force is applied during grappling
and submissions. Some versions of Sambo are full-contact.
Some practitioners believe that physically defeating the enemy, as opposed
to winning a sport match by rules, is the only important matter in hand-to-hand
combat. Some of them treat martial arts only as matters of self-defense or
life-and-death situations. As such, these people may prefer not to participate
in most types of rule-based martial art competition (even one such as vale
tudo), electing instead to study fighting techniques with little or no regard
to competitive rules or, perhaps, ethical concerns and the law (the techniques
practiced may include attacking vulnerable spots such as the groin or the
eyes). Nonetheless, others maintain that, given proper precautions such as
a referee and a ring doctor, full-contact matches with basic rules could serve
as a useful gauge of one's overall fighting ability, encompassing broad categories
including striking, grappling and finishing holds
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